Act 45 of 2023

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023

An Act to consolidate and amend the provisions relating to offences and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

  • Ministry of Home Affairs
  • Department of Internal Security
  • Enacted 2023-12-25
  • 358 sections
See all 20 chapters
  1. Chapter I Preliminary Sections 1 to 3 (3)
  2. Chapter II Of punishments Sections 4 to 13 (10)
  3. Chapter III General exceptions Sections 14 to 44 (31)
  4. Chapter IV Of abetment, criminal conspiracy and attempt Sections 45 to 62 (18)
  5. Chapter V Of offences against woman and child Sections 63 to 99 (37)
  6. Chapter VI Of offences affecting the human body Sections 100 to 146 (47)
  7. Chapter VII Of offences against the state Sections 147 to 158 (12)
  8. Chapter VIII Of offences relating to the army, navy and air force Sections 159 to 168 (10)
  9. Chapter IX Of offences relating to elections Sections 169 to 177 (9)
  10. Chapter X Of offences relating to coin, currency-notes, bank-notes, and government stamps Sections 178 to 188 (11)
  11. Chapter XI Of offences against the public tranquillity Sections 189 to 197 (9)
  12. Chapter XII Of offences by or relating to public servants Sections 198 to 205 (8)
  13. Chapter XIII Of contempts of the lawful authority of public servants Sections 206 to 226 (21)
  14. Chapter XIV Of false evidence and offences against public justice Sections 227 to 269 (43)
  15. Chapter XV Of offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals Sections 270 to 297 (28)
  16. Chapter XVI Of offences relating to religion Sections 298 to 302 (5)
  17. Chapter XVII Of offences against property Sections 303 to 334 (32)
  18. Chapter XVIII Of offences relating to documents and to property marks Sections 335 to 350 (16)
  19. Chapter XIX Of criminal intimidation, insult, annoyance, defamation, etc. Sections 351 to 357 (7)
  20. Chapter XX Repeal and savings Section 358 (1)
SectionTitle
1 Short title, commencement and application.Read
2 Definitions.Read
3 General explanations.Read
4 Punishments.Read
5 Commutation of sentence.Read
6 Fractions of terms of punishment.Read
7 Sentence may be (in certain cases of imprisonment) wholly or partly rigorous or simple.Read
8 Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etc.Read
9 Limit of punishment of offence made up of several offences.Read
10 Punishment of person guilty of one of several offences, judgment stating that it is doubtful of which.Read
11 Solitary confinement.Read
12 Limit of solitary confinement.Read
13 Enhanced punishment for certain offences after previous conviction.Read
14 Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law.Read
15 Act of Judge when acting judicially.Read
16 Act done pursuant to judgment or order of Court.Read
17 Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified, by law.Read
18 Accident in doing a lawful act.Read
19 Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harm.Read
20 Act of a child under seven years of age.Read
21 Act of a child above seven and under twelve years of age of immature understanding.Read
22 Act of a person of unsound mind.Read
23 Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his will.Read
24 Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is intoxicated.Read
25 Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent.Read
26 Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person's benefit.Read
27 Act done in good faith for benefit of child or person of unsound mind, by, or by consent of guardian.Read
28 Consent known to be given under fear or misconception.Read
29 Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused.Read
30 Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent.Read
31 Communication made in good faith.Read
32 Act to which a person is compelled by threats.Read
33 Act causing slight harm.Read
34 Things done in private defence.Read
35 Right of private defence of body and of property.Read
36 Right of private defence against act of a person of unsound mind, etc.Read
37 Acts against which there is no right of private defence.Read
38 When right of private defence of body extends to causing death.Read
39 When such right extends to causing any harm other than death.Read
40 Commencement and continuance of right of private defence of body.Read
41 When right of private defence of property extends to causing death.Read
42 When such right extends to causing any harm other than death.Read
43 Commencement and continuance of right of private defence of property.Read
44 Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent person.Read
45 Abetment of a thing.Read
46 Abettor.Read
47 Abetment in India of offences outside India.Read
48 Abetment outside India for offence in India.Read
49 Punishment of abetment if act abetted is committed in consequence and where no express provision is made for its punishment.Read
50 Punishment of abetment if person abetted does act with different intention from that of abettor.Read
51 Liability of abettor when one act abetted and different act done.Read
52 Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act done.Read
53 Liability of abettor for an effect caused by act abetted different from that intended by abettor.Read
54 Abettor present when offence is committed.Read
55 Abetment of offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life.Read
56 Abetment of offence punishable with imprisonment.Read
57 Abetting commission of offence by public or by more than ten persons.Read
58 Concealing design to commit offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life.Read
59 Public servant concealing design to commit offence which it is his duty to prevent.Read
60 Concealing design to commit offence punishable with imprisonment.Read
61 Criminal conspiracy.Read
62 Punishment for attempting to commit offences punishable with imprisonment for life or other imprisonment.Read
63 Rape.Read
64 Punishment for rape.Read
65 Punishment for rape in certain cases.Read
66 Punishment for causing death or resulting in persistent vegetative state of victim.Read
67 Sexual intercourse by husband upon his wife during separation.Read
68 Sexual intercourse by a person in authority.Read
69 Sexual intercourse by employing deceitful means, etc.Read
70 Gang rape.Read
71 Punishment for repeat offenders.Read
72 Disclosure of identity of victim of certain offences, etc.Read
73 Printing or publishing any matter relating to Court proceedings without permission.Read
74 Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty.Read
75 Sexual harassment.Read
76 Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to disrobe.Read
77 Voyeurism.Read
78 Stalking.Read
79 Word, gesture or act intended to insult modesty of a woman.Read
80 Dowry death.Read
81 Cohabitation caused by man deceitfully inducing belief of lawful marriage.Read
82 Marrying again during lifetime of husband or wife.Read
83 Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriage.Read
84 Enticing or taking away or detaining with criminal intent a married woman.Read
85 Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty.Read
86 Cruelty defined.Read
87 Kidnapping, abducting or inducing woman to compel her marriage, etc.Read
88 Causing miscarriage.Read
89 Causing miscarriage without woman's consent.Read
90 Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage.Read
91 Act done with intent to prevent child being born alive or to cause to die after birth.Read
92 Causing death of quick unborn child by act amounting to culpable homicide.Read
93 Exposure and abandonment of child under twelve years of age, by parent or person having care of it.Read
94 Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body.Read
95 Hiring, employing or engaging a child to commit an offence.Read
96 Procuration of child.Read
97 Kidnapping or abducting child under ten years of age with intent to steal from its person.Read
98 Selling child for purposes of prostitution, etc.Read
99 Buying child for purposes of prostitution, etc.Read
100 Culpable homicide.Read
101 Murder.Read
102 Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than person whose death was intended.Read
103 Punishment for murder.Read
104 Punishment for murder by life-convict.Read
105 Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder.Read
106 Causing death by negligence.Read
107 Abetment of suicide of child or person of unsound mind.Read
108 Abetment of suicide.Read
109 Attempt to murder.Read
110 Attempt to commit culpable homicide.Read
111 Organised crime.Read
112 Petty organised crime.Read
113 Terrorist act.Read
114 Hurt.Read
115 Voluntarily causing hurt.Read
116 Grievous hurt.Read
117 Voluntarily causing grievous hurt.Read
118 Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means.Read
119 Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act.Read
120 Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of property.Read
121 Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to deter public servant from his duty.Read
122 Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt on provocation.Read
123 Causing hurt by means of poison, etc., with intent to commit an offence.Read
124 Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid, etc.Read
125 Act endangering life or personal safety of others.Read
126 Wrongful restraint.Read
127 Wrongful confinement.Read
128 Force.Read
129 Criminal force.Read
130 Assault.Read
131 Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation.Read
132 Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of his duty.Read
133 Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonour person, otherwise than on grave provocation.Read
134 Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft of property carried by a person.Read
135 Assault or criminal force in attempt to wrongfully confine a person.Read
136 Assault or criminal force on grave provocation.Read
137 Kidnapping.Read
138 Abduction.Read
139 Kidnapping or maiming a child for purposes of begging.Read
140 Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder or for ransom, etc.Read
141 Importation of girl or boy from foreign country.Read
142 Wrongfully concealing or keeping in confinement, kidnapped or abducted person.Read
143 Trafficking of person.Read
144 Exploitation of a trafficked person.Read
145 Habitual dealing in slaves.Read
146 Unlawful compulsory labour.Read
147 Waging, or attempting to wage war, or abetting waging of war, against Government of India.Read
148 Conspiracy to commit offences punishable by section 147.Read
149 Collecting arms, etc., with intention of waging war against Government of India.Read
150 Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage war.Read
151 Assaulting President, Governor, etc., with intent to compel or restrain exercise of any lawful power.Read
152 Act endangering sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.Read
153 Waging war against Government of any foreign State at peace with Government of India.Read
154 Committing depredation on territories of foreign State at peace with Government of India.Read
155 Receiving property taken by war or depredation mentioned in sections 153 and 154.Read
156 Public servant voluntarily allowing prisoner of State or war to escape.Read
157 Public servant negligently suffering such prisoner to escape.Read
158 Aiding escape of, rescuing or harbouring such prisoner.Read
159 Abetting mutiny, or attempting to seduce a soldier, sailor or airman from his duty.Read
160 Abetment of mutiny, if mutiny is committed in consequence thereof.Read
161 Abetment of assault by soldier, sailor or airman on his superior officer, when in execution of his office.Read
162 Abetment of such assault, if assault committed.Read
163 Abetment of desertion of soldier, sailor or airman.Read
164 Harbouring deserter.Read
165 Deserter concealed on board merchant vessel through negligence of master.Read
166 Abetment of act of insubordination by soldier, sailor or airman.Read
167 Persons subject to certain Acts.Read
168 Wearing garb or carrying token used by soldier, sailor or airman.Read
169 Candidate, electoral right defined.Read
170 Bribery.Read
171 Undue influence at elections.Read
172 Personation at elections.Read
173 Punishment for bribery.Read
174 Punishment for undue influence or personation at an election.Read
175 False statement in connection with an election.Read
176 Illegal payments in connection with an election.Read
177 Failure to keep election accounts.Read
178 Counterfeiting coin, Government stamps, currency-notes or bank-notes.Read
179 Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes.Read
180 Possession of forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes.Read
181 Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes.Read
182 Making or using documents resembling currency-notes or bank-notes.Read
183 Effacing writing from substance bearing Government stamp, or removing from document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause loss to Government.Read
184 Using Government stamp known to have been before used.Read
185 Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used.Read
186 Prohibition of fictitious stamps.Read
187 Person employed in mint causing coin to be of different weight or composition from that fixed by law.Read
188 Unlawfully taking coining instrument from mint.Read
189 Unlawful assembly.Read
190 Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object.Read
191 Rioting.Read
192 Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot-if rioting be committed; if not committed.Read
193 Liability of owner, occupier, etc., of land on which an unlawful assembly or riot takes place.Read
194 Affray.Read
195 Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc.Read
196 Promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony.Read
197 Imputations, assertions prejudicial to national integration.Read
198 Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person.Read
199 Public servant disobeying direction under law.Read
200 Punishment for non-treatment of victim.Read
201 Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury.Read
202 Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade.Read
203 Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property.Read
204 Personating a public servant.Read
205 Wearing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intent.Read
206 Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding.Read
207 Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication thereof.Read
208 Non-attendance in obedience to an order from public servant.Read
209 Non-appearance in response to a proclamation under section 84 of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023.Read
210 Omission to produce document or electronic record to public servant by person legally bound to produce it.Read
211 Omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound to give it.Read
212 Furnishing false information.Read
213 Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make it.Read
214 Refusing to answer public servant authorised to question.Read
215 Refusing to sign statement.Read
216 False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorised to administer an oath or affirmation.Read
217 False information, with intent to cause public servant to use his lawful power to injury of another person.Read
218 Resistance to taking of property by lawful authority of a public servant.Read
219 Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of public servant.Read
220 Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servant.Read
221 Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions.Read
222 Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance.Read
223 Disobedience to order duly promulgated by public servant.Read
224 Threat of injury to public servant.Read
225 Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public servant.Read
226 Attempt to commit suicide to compel or restrain exercise of lawful power.Read
227 Giving false evidence.Read
228 Fabricating false evidence.Read
229 Punishment for false evidence.Read
230 Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence.Read
231 Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment.Read
232 Threatening any person to give false evidence.Read
233 Using evidence known to be false.Read
234 Issuing or signing false certificate.Read
235 Using as true a certificate known to be false.Read
236 False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence.Read
237 Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false.Read
238 Causing disappearance of evidence of offence, or giving false information to screen offender.Read
239 Intentional omission to give information of offence by person bound to inform.Read
240 Giving false information respecting an offence committed.Read
241 Destruction of document or electronic record to prevent its production as evidence.Read
242 False personation for purpose of act or proceeding in suit or prosecution.Read
243 Fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution.Read
244 Fraudulent claim to property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution.Read
245 Fraudulently suffering decree for sum not due.Read
246 Dishonestly making false claim in Court.Read
247 Fraudulently obtaining decree for sum not due.Read
248 False charge of offence made with intent to injure.Read
249 Harbouring offender.Read
250 Taking gift, etc., to screen an offender from punishment.Read
251 Offering gift or restoration of property in consideration of screening offender.Read
252 Taking gift to help to recover stolen property, etc.Read
253 Harbouring offender who has escaped from custody or whose apprehension has been ordered.Read
254 Penalty for harbouring robbers or dacoits.Read
255 Public servant disobeying direction of law with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture.Read
256 Public servant framing incorrect record or writing with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture.Read
257 Public servant in judicial proceeding corruptly making report, etc., contrary to law.Read
258 Commitment for trial or confinement by person having authority who knows that he is acting contrary to law.Read
259 Intentional omission to apprehend on part of public servant bound to apprehend.Read
260 Intentional omission to apprehend on part of public servant bound to apprehend person under sentence or lawfully committed.Read
261 Escape from confinement or custody negligently suffered by public servant.Read
262 Resistance or obstruction by a person to his lawful apprehension.Read
263 Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension of another person.Read
264 Omission to apprehend, or sufferance of escape, on part of public servant, in cases not otherwise provided for.Read
265 Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension or escape or rescue in cases not otherwise provided for.Read
266 Violation of condition of remission of punishment.Read
267 Intentional insult or interruption to public servant sitting in judicial proceeding.Read
268 Personation of assessor.Read
269 Failure by person released on bail bond or bond to appear in Court.Read
270 Public nuisance.Read
271 Negligent act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life.Read
272 Malignant act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life.Read
273 Disobedience to quarantine rule.Read
274 Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale.Read
275 Sale of noxious food or drink.Read
276 Adulteration of drugs.Read
277 Sale of adulterated drugs.Read
278 Sale of drug as a different drug or preparation.Read
279 Fouling water of public spring or reservoir.Read
280 Making atmosphere noxious to health.Read
281 Rash driving or riding on a public way.Read
282 Rash navigation of vessel.Read
283 Exhibition of false light, mark or buoy.Read
284 Conveying person by water for hire in unsafe or overloaded vessel.Read
285 Danger or obstruction in public way or line of navigation.Read
286 Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substance.Read
287 Negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matter.Read
288 Negligent conduct with respect to explosive substance.Read
289 Negligent conduct with respect to machinery.Read
290 Negligent conduct with respect to pulling down, repairing or constructing buildings, etc.Read
291 Negligent conduct with respect to animal.Read
292 Punishment for public nuisance in cases not otherwise provided for.Read
293 Continuance of nuisance after injunction to discontinue.Read
294 Sale, etc., of obscene books, etc.Read
295 Sale, etc., of obscene objects to child.Read
296 Obscene acts and songs.Read
297 Keeping lottery office.Read
298 Injuring or defiling place of worship with intent to insult religion of any class.Read
299 Deliberate and malicious acts, intended to outrage religious feelings of any class by insulting its religion or religious beliefs.Read
300 Disturbing religious assembly.Read
301 Trespassing on burial places, etc.Read
302 Uttering words, etc., with deliberate intent to wound religious feelings of any person.Read
303 Theft.Read
304 Snatching.Read
305 Theft in a dwelling house, or means of transportation or place of worship, etc.Read
306 Theft by clerk or servant of property in possession of master.Read
307 Theft after preparation made for causing death, hurt or restraint in order to committing of theft.Read
308 Extortion.Read
309 Robbery.Read
310 Dacoity.Read
311 Robbery, or dacoity, with attempt to cause death or grievous hurt.Read
312 Attempt to commit robbery or dacoity when armed with deadly weapon.Read
313 Punishment for belonging to gang of robbers, etc.Read
314 Dishonest misappropriation of property.Read
315 Dishonest misappropriation of property possessed by deceased person at the time of his death.Read
316 Criminal breach of trust.Read
317 Stolen property.Read
318 Cheating.Read
319 Cheating by personation.Read
320 Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent distribution among creditors.Read
321 Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors.Read
322 Dishonest or fraudulent execution of deed of transfer containing false statement of consideration.Read
323 Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property.Read
324 Mischief.Read
325 Mischief by killing or maiming animal.Read
326 Mischief by injury, inundation, fire or explosive substance, etc.Read
327 Mischief with intent to destroy or make unsafe a rail, aircraft, decked vessel or one of twenty tons burden.Read
328 Punishment for intentionally running vessel aground or ashore with intent to commit theft, etc.Read
329 Criminal trespass and house-trespass.Read
330 House-trespass and hous-ebreaking.Read
331 Punishment for house-trespass or house-breaking.Read
332 House-trespass in order to commit offence.Read
333 House-trespass after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraint.Read
334 Dishonestly breaking open receptacle containing property.Read
335 Making a false document.Read
336 Forgery.Read
337 Forgery of record of Court or of public register, etc.Read
338 Forgery of valuable security, will, etc.Read
339 Having possession of document described in section 337 or section 338, knowing it to be forged and intending to use it as genuine.Read
340 Forged document or electronic record and using it as genuine.Read
341 Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable under section 338.Read
342 Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 338, or possessing counterfeit marked material.Read
343 Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc., of will, authority to adopt, or valuable security.Read
344 Falsification of accounts.Read
345 Property mark.Read
346 Tampering with property mark with intent to cause injury.Read
347 Counterfeiting a property mark.Read
348 Making or possession of any instrument for counterfeiting a property mark.Read
349 Selling goods marked with a counterfeit property mark.Read
350 Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goods.Read
351 Criminal intimidation.Read
352 Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of peace.Read
353 Statements conducing to public mischief.Read
354 Act caused by inducing person to believe that he will be rendered an object of Divine displeasure.Read
355 Misconduct in public by a drunken person.Read
356 Defamation.Read
357 Breach of contract to attend on and supply wants of helpless person.Read
358 Repeal and savings.Read
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