Act 24 of 2025

The Merchant Shipping Act, 2025

An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to merchant shipping to ensure compliance with India's obligation under the maritime treaties and international instruments to which India is a party and also to ensure the development of Indian shipping and efficient maintenance of Indian mercantile marine in a manner best suited to serve the national interest and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

  • Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways
  • Enacted 2025-08-18
  • 326 sections
SectionTitle
1 Short title and commencement.Read
2 Application of Act.Read
3 Definitions.Read
4 Establishment of National Shipping Board.Read
5 Constitution of Seafarer’s Welfare Board.Read
6 Power to make rules.Read
7 Director-General of Maritime Administration.Read
8 Officers.Read
9 Surveyors.Read
10 Senior radio surveyors and radio inspectors.Read
11 Mercantile Marine Department.Read
12 Shipping office.Read
13 Body for security of vessels and port facilities.Read
14 Application of this Part.Read
15 Indian vessel and its registration.Read
16 Registration of Indian chartered foreign vessels.Read
17 Temporary registration of vessels sought to be recycled.Read
18 Registrar of Indian vessels.Read
19 Provisional registration of Indian vessel.Read
20 Procedure for registration of Indian vessels.Read
21 Temporary pass in lieu of certificate of registration.Read
22 Custody and use of certificate.Read
23 Transfer of Indian vessel or shares.Read
24 Transmission of property in Indian vessel on death, insolvency, etc.Read
25 Order for sale where vessel has ceased to be an Indian vessel.Read
26 Mortgage of vessel or share.Read
27 Rights of mortgagee.Read
28 Liability of mortgagee.Read
29 Mortgage not affected by insolvency.Read
30 Transfer of mortgages.Read
31 Transmission of interest in mortgage in certain circumstances.Read
32 Rules as to name of vessel.Read
33 Registration of alterations.Read
34 Provisional certificate and endorsement where vessel is to be re-registered.Read
35 Transfer of registration.Read
36 Restrictions on re-registration of abandoned vessel.Read
37 National colours for Indian vessels.Read
38 Concealment of Indian or assumption of foreign character.Read
39 Liabilities of vessel not recognised as Indian vessel.Read
40 Proceedings on forfeiture of vessel.Read
41 Liability of owners.Read
42 Evidence of register book, certificate of registration and other documents.Read
43 Closure of registration.Read
44 Power to make rules.Read
45 Certificates to be held by seafarers.Read
46 Certificate of competency and certificate of proficiency.Read
47 Training for grant of certificate of competency and certificate of proficiency.Read
48 Examination for grant of certificates.Read
49 Production of certificate of competency.Read
50 Recognition of certificates of competency granted in other States.Read
51 Foreign vessel not to sail without seafarers having certificate.Read
52 Obligations of certain certificate holders to serve on Indian vessels.Read
53 Power to make rules.Read
54 Application of this Part.Read
55 Definitions.Read
56 Classification of seafarers.Read
57 Application of maritime labour standards to seafarers and vessels.Read
58 Duties of shipping master, director and seafarer’s welfare officer.Read
59 Minimum age for seafarers.Read
60 Medical certificate.Read
61 Training and qualifications.Read
62 Recruitment and placement of seafarers.Read
63 Agreement with seafarers.Read
64 Wages.Read
65 Hours of rest.Read
66 Entitlement to leave.Read
67 Repatriation.Read
68 Compensation for vessel’s loss or foundering.Read
69 Manning levels.Read
70 Accommodation and recreational facilities.Read
71 Food and catering.Read
72 Medical care.Read
73 Ship owners’ liability.Read
74 Health and safety protection and accident prevention.Read
75 Social security.Read
76 Flag State responsibilities.Read
77 Port State responsibilities.Read
78 Rules for enforcement of Maritime Labour Convention.Read
79 Payment of wages.Read
80 Discharge of seafarers.Read
81 Wages and property of deceased seafarers and seafarers left behind.Read
82 Certain undisbursed amounts to be utilised for welfare of seafarers.Read
83 Shipping master to adjudicate disputes involving seafarer.Read
84 Power of shipping master to require production of documents.Read
85 Wages not recoverable outside India in certain cases.Read
86 Summary proceedings for wages.Read
87 Restrictions on suits for wages.Read
88 Remedies of master for wages, disbursements, etc.Read
89 Power to refer disputes between seafarers and employers to Tribunal.Read
90 Recovery of wages, etc., of seafarers lost with vessel.Read
91 Relief and maintenance of abandoned seafarers.Read
92 Replacement crew onboard abandoned vessels.Read
93 Inspection by shipping master, etc.Read
94 Special provisions for protection of seafarers in respect of litigation.Read
95 Facilities for making complaint.Read
96 Vessel not to be boarded without permission.Read
97 Misconduct endangering life or vessel.Read
98 Desertion and absence without leave.Read
99 General liability against discipline.Read
100 Smuggling of goods by seafarer.Read
101 Entry of offences in official logbook.Read
102 Report of desertions and absences without leave.Read
103 Entries and certificates of desertion abroad.Read
104 Facilities for proving desertion in proceedings for forfeiture of wages.Read
105 Application of forfeitures.Read
106 Decision of questions of forfeiture and deduction in suits for wages.Read
107 Payment of fines imposed under agreement to shipping master.Read
108 Seafarer not to be enticed to desert.Read
109 Stowaways and seafarers carried under compulsion.Read
110 On change of master, documents to be handed over to successor.Read
111 Deserters from foreign vessels.Read
112 Official logbook.Read
113 Power to make rules.Read
114 Application of this Part.Read
115 Definitions.Read
116 Safety and security requirements.Read
117 Reporting of incidents.Read
118 Obligations to render assistance on receiving signal of distress and to persons in danger.Read
119 Search and rescue services.Read
120 Radio communication requirements.Read
121 Information about vessel’s stability.Read
122 Submersion of load lines.Read
123 No vessel to carry passenger without certificate.Read
124 Vessel not to proceed to sea without valid safety and security certificates.Read
125 Penalties for certain acts.Read
126 Vessel not to carry cargo or passengers in contravention of Act.Read
127 Unseaworthy vessel not to be sent to sea.Read
128 Obligation of ship owner, master or agent with respect to seaworthiness.Read
129 Safety and security management.Read
130 Power to make rules.Read
131 Application of this Part.Read
132 Definitions.Read
133 Control of discharge or emission of harmful substances or dumping at sea.Read
134 Prevention and containment of pollution and response.Read
135 Vessel not to proceed to sea without valid pollution prevention certificates.Read
136 Record books.Read
137 Power to deny entry, detain or move vessel.Read
138 Power to take measures for containment of pollution and reporting of incidents.Read
139 Power of Central Government to give directions.Read
140 Measures for detection of pollution.Read
141 Appointment of analysts.Read
142 Reception facilities.Read
143 Power to make rules.Read
144 Survey, audit and certification.Read
145 Certificates.Read
146 Power of surveyor.Read
147 Compliance of provisions of convention.Read
148 Recognition of certificates granted outside India.Read
149 Grant of certificate to foreign vessels in India and Indian vessels in foreign States.Read
150 Power to call for information.Read
151 Power to conduct inspections.Read
152 Power to make rules.Read
153 Application of this Chapter.Read
154 Apportionment of liability.Read
155 Damage or loss of vessel, cargo or property.Read
156 Joint and several liability for loss of life or personal injury.Read
157 Right of contribution.Read
158 Duty of master of vessel to assist in case of collision.Read
159 Collision to be entered in official logbook.Read
160 Report to Director-General of accidents to vessels.Read
161 Notice of loss of Indian vessel to be given to Director-General.Read
162 Limitation of liability for damages in respect of certain claims.Read
163 Conduct barring limitation.Read
164 Counter claims.Read
165 Limits of liability.Read
166 Limit for passenger claims.Read
167 Aggregation of claims.Read
168 Constitution of limitation fund.Read
169 Limitation of liability without constitution of a limitation fund.Read
170 Distribution of fund.Read
171 Bar to other actions.Read
172 Compulsory insurance or other financial security for maritime claims subject to limitation.Read
173 Scope of application of this Chapter.Read
174 Power to make rules for matters under Chapters I and II of this Part.Read
175 Application of this Chapter.Read
176 Definitions.Read
177 Liability of ship owner.Read
178 Joint and several liability for ships.Read
179 Jurisdiction of High Court.Read
180 Jurisdiction where pollution damage occurs in two or more States.Read
181 Limitation of liability.Read
182 Constitution of limitation fund.Read
183 Claims for compensation where fund is established.Read
184 Acquisition of right for compensation by subrogation.Read
185 Consolidation of claims and distribution of fund.Read
186 Arrest and sale of ship if ship owner, etc., unable to satisfy claims for compensation.Read
187 Restriction on enforcement of claims after establishment of fund.Read
188 Compulsory insurance or other financial security.Read
189 Acceptance of certificate granted outside India.Read
190 Ban on entering or leaving an Indian port without certificate.Read
191 Direct action against insurer or other person providing financial security.Read
192 Recognition of judgment of court of contracting parties to Civil Liability Convention.Read
193 Limitation period.Read
194 Government ships.Read
195 Power to make rules.Read
196 Application of this Chapter.Read
197 Definitions.Read
198 Liability for bunker oil pollution.Read
199 Exemption from liability.Read
200 Right of ship owner to limitation of liability.Read
201 Determination of limitation of liability.Read
202 Consolidation of claims and distribution of amount.Read
203 Extinguishment of right to claim.Read
204 Maintenance of compulsory insurance or other financial security.Read
205 Direct action against insurer or other person providing financial security.Read
206 Grant of certificate.Read
207 Ban on entering or leaving port without clearance.Read
208 Right of recourse.Read
209 Recognition of judgment of court of contracting parties to Bunker Convention.Read
210 Power to make rules.Read
211 Application of this Chapter.Read
212 Definitions.Read
213 Contribution to Fund.Read
214 Contribution payable by persons to Fund.Read
215 Liability of Fund.Read
216 Limitation of liability of Fund.Read
217 Power to call for information.Read
218 Claims against Fund and jurisdiction of courts.Read
219 Extinguishment of claims.Read
220 Subrogation and right of recourse.Read
221 Power of Central Government to establish fund for excess claim.Read
222 Power to make rules.Read
223 Application of this Part.Read
224 Definitions.Read
225 Appointment of nodal authority for marine incidents.Read
226 Primary response party.Read
227 Plans and procedures for response mechanisms.Read
228 Powers of nodal authority.Read
229 Maintenance of compulsory insurance or other financial security.Read
230 Power to make rules.Read
231 Marine casualties and report thereof.Read
232 Power of Central Government to initiate proceedings.Read
233 Application of this Chapter.Read
234 Definitions.Read
235 Receiver of wreck.Read
236 Duty to report wrecks.Read
237 Determination of hazard.Read
238 Locating and marking of wrecks.Read
239 Power to pass over adjoining lands.Read
240 Prohibition of certain acts in respect of wreck.Read
241 Search warrants where wreck is involved.Read
242 Measures to facilitate removal of wrecks.Read
243 Liability of ship owner.Read
244 Maintenance of insurance or other financial security.Read
245 Claims of ship owners to wreck.Read
246 Extinguishment of right to claim recovery of costs.Read
247 Application of this Chapter.Read
248 Definitions.Read
249 Salvage payable for saving life, cargo or wreck.Read
250 Salvage operations controlled by Government or port and public authorities.Read
251 Salvage contracts.Read
252 Duties of salvor, owner and master.Read
253 Rights of salvors.Read
254 Powers and duties of Central Government in relation to salvage operations.Read
255 Retention of salvors.Read
256 Disputes between ship owner and salvor.Read
257 Adjudication of disputes between ship owner and salvor.Read
258 Extinguishment of claims.Read
259 Savings.Read
260 Power to make rules.Read
261 Application of this Part.Read
262 Definitions.Read
263 Decision of question whether a vessel falls under this Part.Read
264 Requirements for safety, security, prevention of pollution and insurance.Read
265 Manning of fishing vessels.Read
266 Central Government to grant certificate of proficiency.Read
267 Training for grant of certificate of competency and certificate of proficiency.Read
268 Examination for grant of certificate.Read
269 Withdrawal, suspension or cancellation of certificate.Read
270 Production of certificate.Read
271 Agreements in respect of fishing vessel.Read
272 Fishery data to be furnished by Indian fishing vessels.Read
273 Vessel not to proceed without valid certificates.Read
274 Power of Central Government to initiate action against non-mechanically propelled vessels.Read
275 Statement relating to crew of vessels to be maintained.Read
276 Inquiry to jettisoning of cargo.Read
277 Detention of vessel by proper officer.Read
278 Detention of unseaworthy vessels.Read
279 Power to exempt.Read
280 Power to make rules.Read
281 Offences and penalties.Read
282 Authority for imposition of penalty and procedure therefor.Read
282A Compounding for certain offences.Read
283 Place of trial and jurisdiction of court.Read
284 Special provision regarding punishment.Read
285 Appointment of Special Public Prosecutors.Read
286 Penalties in respect of masters or owners of special trade passenger vessels.Read
287 Offences by companies.Read
288 Depositions to be received in evidence when witness cannot be produced.Read
289 Power to detain foreign vessel that has occasioned damage.Read
290 Power to enforce detention of vessel.Read
291 Levy of wages, etc., by distress of movable property or vessel.Read
292 Service of documents.Read
293 Birth and death of persons onboard vessel during a voyage.Read
294 Inquiry into cause of death onboard or person missing from Indian vessel.Read
295 Certain persons deemed to be public servants.Read
296 Power of persons authorised to investigate, inquire, etc.Read
297 Power to permit alternative provisions and arrangement.Read
298 Control of nuclear vessels and security measures.Read
299 Exemption of Government vessels, foreign and Indian.Read
300 Power to exempt.Read
301 Power of Director-General to give directions.Read
302 Special provisions with respect to defaulting ship owners.Read
303 Right to pursue foreign vessels in high seas.Read
304 Power of Central Government with respect to vessel without nationality.Read
305 Protection of action taken in good faith.Read
306 Agreement with other States.Read
307 Control measures and detention of vessels.Read
308 Costs of detention and damages.Read
309 Procedure for detention of vessel other than Indian vessel.Read
310 Obligations of ports under conventions and monitoring thereof by Director-General.Read
311 Power of Central Government in respect of abandoned vessels.Read
312 Power to cancel, suspend, etc., certificate of seafarers.Read
313 Re-hearing.Read
314 Maintenance of insurance or such other financial security.Read
315 Use and maintenance of electronic records.Read
316 Classification of vessels.Read
317 Transparency of charges.Read
318 Power of Director-General to call for information.Read
319 General power to make rules.Read
320 Provisions with respect to rules.Read
321 Power to remove difficulties.Read
322 Power to constitute committees.Read
323 Power of Central Government to protect interest of Indian Shipping.Read
324 Repeals and savings.Read
325 Amendment of Act 20 of 2021.Read
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